Saturday, June 24, 2023

SAVE POPULAR PIETY (BHAKTI / DEVOTIONAL PRACTICES) FROM PIETISM

 

In the past few months, I have been noticing that lots of ‘novenas’ and prayers of/to various saints, Lectio Divina and many other structural devotions, laid out in text form or in video formats, are being shared by a priest over a WhatsApp group in which I have been enlisted. Of course, they are shared with the good intention of benefiting others in their religious, devotional and spiritual journey. As part of the popular devotions and piety, they are of help. Thanks to the despatches, the various video homilies, readings, reflections and liturgical notes are of much help to others who have access to them. Let me share with the readers, without any malice towards the sender, my take on such devotional dispatches and on a retreat, he preached in December 2022.

 After attending a biblically-based retreat preached by this priest, I did appreciate his strong memory in citing biblical verses, some quotations from the Church documents (e.g., Canon law) and from the Salesian constitutions. He has preached much in the past and the contents have got into his memory, and so, he does not need notes and papers. Here are some of my observations on his talks and their contents, for the readers’ personal benefit and for the benefit of all.

 The repeated mention of ‘all’, ‘always’, ‘everything’, ‘whole thing’, ‘every time’, in its absolute form, by this preacher, to me, seemed to me to be false statement. The use of words – entire, completely, never, all, everyone, all over, absolutely, nothing, not even one, can never be, exactly like – are all absolute terms. One can never absolutize an event or an incident, or a single idea or an opinion. They are relative, subjective and a part of the whole – one among many.

 

Some of the contents of his talks were subjective and coloured. Some of his statements lack objectivity, and are often mythicized and mystified (e.g., God asking him to sanctify a place/room at midnight, because of some one’s previous evil action committed there), exaggerated and absolutized by the use of ‘should’ and ‘must’. We just do not know beyond our personal human capacity.

 He talked about the ‘transfer or the mirror effect’ of one’s infidelity on his/her family. Remember, God who is love, never ‘curses’ or punishes the family for one’s own sins. Certainly, the ‘cause-effect’ theory applies to any reality within the natural created world.

 The speed and space with which he spoke did not allow the thoughts to sink into the listener’s self. His exaggeration in voice volume, its modulation, repetitions of ideas, long prayers, the speedy litany of saints, dramatized, shouted out, and sometimes artificial, did not impress me.

 The Catholic Church prohibits ‘divining’ of future events or tragedy, as done by a ‘lady’ (he never mentioned her name or background) over the phone telling him that ‘number of souls are lost, through wasting time by watching a movie in the theatre! In fact, CCC no. 2116 states: “All forms of divination are to be rejected: recourse to … practices falsely supposed to "unveil" the future… interpretation of omens and lots, …. and recourse to mediums all conceal a desire for power over time, history, and, in the last analysis, other human beings, as well as a wish to conciliate hidden powers. They contradict the honour, respect, and loving fear that we owe to God alone.” According to him, she (the lady he often spoke of) hears the “voice of God” and tells him that there was “a cavity in the tooth”. God tells him through her “when to go back”, etc. May be, he is, allegedly, influenced by this ‘lady’, by her ‘lay piety’ or pietism. In short, this preacher is ‘guided’ by a ‘lady’s divination, which is forbidden in the Church. (e.g., someone crying, a dead Salesian suffering in the purgatory for 18 years…..)

 There exists lot of negativities in his talks: judge, condemn, hell, Satan, devil, abuse, vengeance, sin, punishment, evil, skull, coffin, death, ugliness of sin, danger, destruction, demonising human action and failure, wickedness, miserable, worldly, grief, wretched, pitiable, filthy, pathetic, unforgiveable sins, etc. He has used the word ‘devil’ many times, besides talking of ‘sex, abortion, contraception, nuns, immoral relationship, things of the world’, etc.  Thus, a negative narrative is created, hyping it, to make a mode to propagate and market it. The repeated ‘babling’ on devil will only make one more obsessed with it. The threatening and frightening approach do not help one grow. No one can tell me: “no blessings of God will come on you”. No one has the right to say so. Even God will not say so.

 The ‘deposit of faith’ that we talk about cannot be transmitted as it was (status quo) formulated 1000 or 60 years back. Theology – the study on God – has gone ahead far beyond our static understanding of faith-system. There is so much still to analyse, reason, interpret and learn. We cannot justify our faith, suiting our self-interest. Similarly, we need to contextualize the Word of God for today through hermeneutic interpretation, and see what touches today most by reading the signs of the time. Therefore, we need, to recognize and interpret the signs of the time (primordial, perennial and episteme) in order to understand how they communicate the loving providence of God and understand the language of the Spirit, who speaks in different “languages” at varied times. Today, we need to hear the Spirit in the cry of the poor and those abused (e.g., Indian women wrestlers), in the groans of the sick and dying, in the discrimination on ethical ground (Kukis in Manipur), in the frustration of stranded migrants, in the protest of the oppressed, in the exploited ecological degradation, or in the impulses within our inner selves. Out-smarting knowledge of the Word of God (memorized verses) does not bring in salvation automatically.

 The said preacher used many devotional practices as part of his retreats. But I have this to say: hyper-devotional pietism of many, can become superstitious practices; their habitual repetitions can ‘numb’ the human conscious, blinding people from the present issues and realities. Such ‘opium’ can be truth-depressant, drugging the ‘believers’ into pseudo-devotion, leading to a narrow-minded pietism. In fact, some of the devotional expressions are designed to disguise psychological and physical realities. Such shadowed expressions are promoted at the cost of conscience. It reduces faith and morals to pious sentimentalities.

 Using some Christian belief system, various types of devotion to the saints or celebrations of pious-events, it is easy to manipulate human emotions. An emotional “belief” expressed out of sentimental pietism, can be extremely dangerous. It affects one’s moral and religious growth negatively. The sacrificial love of Jesus on the Cross and his resurrection, on the other hand, are a balance of a devotional and intellectual life by witnessing to Jesus Christ who died on the Cross and rose.  Unbridled human emotion, without critical questioning, begins to drive the faithful away from the creation – the real world.

God is truth. God is Atman, - the pure Spirit, the formless-Beyond. The forms and shapes (physical, material) through which the human worship God, are only means and methods. They are not the ends themselves. God does not want that people trample upon God’s truth in the name of ritual religiosity or various practices of piety! Besides, detached from context, culture and reason, the sentimental faith-expressions through such devotional practices become ill-educated, arrogant, and vicious. Certainly, popular piety does help live one’s faith.  But, God says, ‘learn to do good, be just, redress the wrong and defend the poor’ (cf. Is 1:10-17). Jesus speaks straight, “whoever does not take up his cross and follow after me (follow his ways) is not worthy of me” (Mt 10:38). Pope Francis warns: “Do not take refuge in a religiosity made up of extraordinary events and dramatic experiences, out of fear of facing reality and its daily struggles, its hardships and contradictions” (Lenten Penance and the Synodal Journey , 2023, www.vatican.va).

 

Therefore, pastoral discernment is needed within the context of preaching retreats, animating groups and communities, or promoting devotional practices, in order to sustain and support popular piety/devotions, and to purify and correct the manipulative pietism and superstitious sentimentalism. And such discernment must be accompanied by insights that come from the humanities and faith (faith and reason).

No comments:

Post a Comment

The Dangers of Divination and Misplaced Faith Deliverance: A Reflection on Faith, Psychology and Ethics

  In the Old Testament the practice of psychics and mediums is described as “an abomination.” The prophet Zechariah warns against false divi...