Showing posts with label priests. Show all posts
Showing posts with label priests. Show all posts

Friday, September 18, 2026

Beyond the Couch: Why Psychology Must Serve, Not Sovereign, in Seminary Formation

 

A critical response to “Not Every Priest Should Be Allowed Near a Seminary Formation Team”





Introduction

The article (certainly with AI assistance!), found on WhatsApp titled “Not Every Priest Should Be Allowed Near a Seminary Formation Team” uploaded by Sr. Jaisy SMI,  is right about several things. Harshness passed off as discipline is real, and so are formators who read every struggle as a lack of vocation. Its closing line, however, gives the game away: “competence in understanding the human person must become the essential part of priestly formation itself.” Its remedy is more training in psychology, pedagogy, counselling and emotional intelligence, and it never mentions grace, prayer, discernment, the Holy Spirit or the mystery of a vocation.

The text also reads as machine-assembled. It repeats the same thesis in its second-last and last paragraphs, leans on stock analogies (pilots, doctors, canon lawyers), and offers rhetorical triplets (“Not every silence is humility…”) in place of argument. The article claims “human beings are not machines,” yet it proposes a formation that is largely technical: acquire the right competencies and the seminarian’s “problem” will be solved.

This response does not reject the human sciences. It argues that they are servants of formation, not its foundation. A seminarian is a mystery before he is a case, and the Church’s own documents say so.

1. What the Article Gets Right, and Where the Church Agrees

The Church has never taught that formators may ignore the human person. Pastores Dabo Vobis insists that “in order that his ministry may be humanly as credible and acceptable as possible, it is necessary that the priest should mould his human personality in such a way that it becomes a bridge and not an obstacle for others in their meeting with Jesus Christ” (John Paul II, Pastores Dabo Vobis [PDV], 1992, n. 43).

Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Sacerdotalis (RFIS, Congregation for the Clergy, 2016) likewise treats human formation as “the necessary foundation” of the whole edifice, and it takes maturity, affectivity and freedom seriously (cf. RFIS, nn. 89–100). The Congregation for Catholic Education’s Guidelines for the Use of Psychology in the Admission and Formation of Candidates for the Priesthood (2008) also permits a prudent use of psychological expertise where it is needed.

So the article’s concern is legitimate. The disagreement is over ordering and proportion, and over what a formator is fundamentally for.

2. The Article’s Central Flaw: A Reduced Anthropology

The article’s opening sentence treats the seminarian as a bundle of “emotions, fears, family wounds, psychological struggles, temperamental differences… hormonal realities.” All of these are real. But the list is missing the centre of the person: the soul made for God, called by name, and marked by grace.

The Second Vatican Council teaches that “only in the mystery of the incarnate Word does the mystery of man take on light” (Gaudium et Spes, 1965, n. 22). Man is not finally explained by psychology or any other science. He is explained by Christ, and he remains a mystery even after every diagnostic category has been applied. Some consequences follow from this.

•         A vocation is not a personality profile. It is a call, and its origin is God, not the seminarian’s temperament (cf. PDV, n. 35).

•         Grace is not reducible to emotional health. The saints include the anxious, the scrupulous, the introverted and the wounded. Formation must not treat a woundedness that grace is already transfiguring as though it were a defect to be managed.

•         Mystery cannot be “solved.” The article’s language of understanding, perceiving and mastering the human mind slides into a managerial mindset. The Church asks formators instead to stand before something sacred.

Pope Francis expresses this posture well: the art of accompaniment “teaches us to remove our sandals before the sacred ground of the other” (Evangelii Gaudium, 2013, n. 169). One removes one’s sandals before a mystery. One does not do so before a case file.

3. The Missing Centre: Spiritual Formation as the “Core”

The article never uses the word “spiritual” except as a pejorative (“pious vocabulary,” “spiritual slogans”). The Church’s documents give it a very different place.

•         Optatam Totius teaches that seminarians must be trained “to live in intimate and unceasing union with the Father through His Son Jesus Christ in the Holy Spirit” (Vatican II, Optatam Totius [OT], 1965, n. 8).

•         Pastores Dabo Vobis describes spiritual formation as “the core which unifies and gives life to his being a priest and his acting as a priest” (PDV, n. 45).

•         RFIS places the spiritual dimension at the heart of the formative process, alongside the human, intellectual and pastoral dimensions, and it grounds all four in discipleship and configuration to Christ the Good Shepherd (cf. RFIS, nn. 28–34, 101–115).

The four dimensions are meant to be integrated, and none of them is meant to become the “essential part” that governs the rest. An article that elevates the human dimension above the others has quietly reversed the Church’s order.

4. Psychology Is an Auxiliary Tool, Not the Norm

The Church has been explicit here, and the article ignores it. The 2008 Guidelines on psychology repeatedly stress that psychological expertise is an aid to the discernment carried out by the Church’s own formators, and that it cannot replace spiritual direction, the judgement of the formation team, or the discernment of the bishop or superior. The Guidelines also caution that the psychological approach must be consonant with a Christian anthropology, since some schools of psychology rest on assumptions about the human person that Catholic teaching cannot accept.

This point matters. The article speaks of “Modern Psychology” as if it were one unified and neutral science. In fact:

•         Psychology contains competing schools with different (sometimes contradictory) views of human nature, freedom, sin and sexuality.

•         Some of these views treat guilt, self-denial or obedience as pathologies, which is incompatible with the Gospel.

•         A formator trained without a robust Christian anthropology may import these assumptions uncritically and end up “healing” what the Church would call sanctification.

The safeguard is a formator whose primary formation is spiritual and theological, who draws on the human sciences critically and with humility, and who knows where their competence ends. Credentialing a formator mainly by his psychology training turns the safeguard upside down.

5. The Analogies Fail

The article argues that the Church trains canon lawyers, doctors and pilots before letting them practise, so formators need psychological training. The analogies are weaker than they look.

•         Lawyers, doctors and pilots exercise technical skills. A formator’s primary work is spiritual paternity, the accompaniment of a soul toward God. The proper comparison is not with a technician but with a father, a shepherd, a spiritual master.

•         The Church’s saints were formators too. St. John Vianney, St. Francis de Sales and St. Ignatius (who wrote the Spiritual Exercises before modern psychology existed) all formed souls with extraordinary wisdom. They did so through prayer, discernment of spirits, and long personal holiness.

•         The formator forms by who he is. RFIS speaks of formators as those who “accompany” and bear witness through their own lives (cf. RFIS, nn. 129–139, on the formation of formators). A seminarian learns the priesthood chiefly by seeing it lived.

The article would ask whether a formator has the right credentials. The Church asks first whether he is a man of prayer, faithful to his own priesthood, and able to be a credible witness.

6. Formation Is a Work of Art, Not Only a Method

Pope Francis, addressing seminarians and novices in 2013, warned against two opposite errors: formation as rigid policing and formation as a purely technical exercise. He said, in effect, that formation is “a work of art, not a police action,” and that the aim is to form hearts (Francis, Address to Seminarians, Novices and Those Discerning a Vocation, 6 July 2013). It is a fine warning against harshness.

But notice the phrase “work of art.” An artist is not a technician following a protocol. He works with something given, and he cooperates with a design that is not his own. In priestly formation, that design is God’s. The formator is a collaborator with the Holy Spirit, not the engineer of a finished product.

The article’s “systemic” mentality (train the formator, fix the pipeline, produce emotionally balanced priests) forgets this. Formation is not a factory, and the Church says as much when she calls it “a continuous journey of discipleship” (cf. RFIS, nn. 3, 57; PDV, n. 70).

7. What Seminarians Need “Much More” Of

Seminarians need competent, humane formators. But they need more than competence, and the Church’s documents point to what this “more” includes.

•         Formators who are men of prayer. A formator who does not pray cannot lead others into prayer, whatever his degrees.

•         Serious spiritual direction. The Church requires it and treats the spiritual director as central to formation (cf. PDV, n. 40; RFIS, nn. 44–48, 107–109).

•         A sacramental life. Formation is nourished by the Eucharist, Reconciliation, the Liturgy of the Hours and Marian devotion, which heal and shape the person in ways no technique reaches (cf. PDV, n. 48).

•         Discernment of spirits. The tradition of Ignatius, Teresa and John of the Cross teaches how to read consolation, desolation, temptation and the movements of grace. This is a spiritual skill that psychology does not replace.

•         A contemplative gaze. Formators should look at a seminarian’s struggles with faith as well as with insight. What looks like a psychological knot may be a stage of the dark night, and what looks like a spiritual failing may need clinical help. Only a formator who is both spiritually and humanly formed can tell the difference.

•         Fatherhood. PDV describes the priest’s ministry as spiritual fatherhood. A seminarian needs a father before he needs an evaluator.

8. A Balanced Proposal

Rather than the article’s “essential part,” a more faithful formulation would be the following.

•         Integration, not substitution. The four dimensions of formation (human, spiritual, intellectual, pastoral) grow together (RFIS, nn. 27–34).

•         Selection of formators by holiness first. PDV insists that formators be chosen with great care, as men of sound doctrine, pastoral experience and spiritual depth (cf. PDV, n. 66).

•         Psychology as consultant. Qualified, morally sound and Christian-anthropology-aware professionals should be available for referral, as the 2008 Guidelines provide, but the formation team retains the responsibility to discern.

•         Basic human formation for all formators. Every formator should have a working grasp of human development, listening skills and the dynamics of accompaniment. This is reasonable, but it is a complement to spiritual competence and not the criterion.

•         Continuing formation of formators. This should include retreats, spiritual direction and theological renewal alongside human-science training.

Conclusion

The article warns rightly against formators who mistake trauma for rebellion or punish what they do not understand. But it offers a diagnosis and a cure that are both too small. The diagnosis is that formators lack psychological training, and the cure is more of it. The Church’s own teaching says the deeper need is for formators who are men of God, who see the seminarian as a mystery to be reverenced and a son to be fathered, and who use the human sciences as instruments in the service of grace.

Man is, as Gaudium et Spes teaches, a mystery illumined only in Christ. A formation that forgets this may produce priests who are well-adjusted, emotionally literate and professionally competent, and still leave them without the interior life that alone sustains a priest for forty years. The Church needs priests who are human and holy, and formators who can say to a seminarian, with St. Paul, that “it is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me” (Gal 2:20).

Note: Quotations are from standard English translations.

Here is the text of the original article: NOT EVERY PRIEST SHOULD BE ALLOWED NEAR A SEMINARY FORMATION TEAM.

In this century, it has become dangerously outdated to assume that every priest automatically qualifies to become a seminary formator simply because he wears a cassock, has a loud voice at conferences, or can quote Latin documents from memory. Human beings are not machines assembled with spiritual slogans.

A seminarian is a complex human person carrying emotions, fears, family wounds, psychological struggles, temperamental differences, social pressures, intellectual anxieties, hormonal realities, and personal history. Forming such a person requires more than pious vocabulary and disciplinary aggression disguised as “formation.”

It is becoming increasingly necessary that priests appointed as seminary formators undergo rigorous training in Modern Psychology, Human Development, Guidance and Counselling, Emotional Intelligence, and Pastoral Accompaniment before being entrusted with the delicate task of forming future priests.

Not every silence is humility. Not every extrovert is unserious. Not every reserved seminarian is proud. Not every struggling student is lazy. And not every emotionally wounded young man needs more punishment delivered with holy water.

Unfortunately, many formators were trained in environments where every human difficulty was interpreted either as “lack of vocation,” “spiritual weakness,” or “disobedience,” while basic psychological realities were ignored completely. Then years later, we become surprised when some priests carry unresolved emotional instability into ministry.

The truth is that one cannot adequately guide what one does not adequately understand.

The Church trains canon lawyers before allowing them judge cases. She trains doctors before allowing them touch the sick. Pilots are not sent into the air merely because they love aviation. It would therefore be intellectually inconsistent to consider psychological and human-scientific formation unnecessary in the very area where the Church is shaping future priests who will spend their lives dealing with human souls, emotions, crises, families, grief, loneliness, conflict, and moral struggles.

A formator must know theology, yes! but he must also understand the human person standing before him. Otherwise, he may mistake trauma for rebellion, exhaustion for indiscipline, introversion for arrogance, or emotional distress for lack of prayer.

The future of the priesthood will depend not only on how spiritually sound our formators are, but also on how psychologically educated, emotionally mature, intellectually balanced, and humanly perceptive they become.

Wednesday, September 8, 2021

A PROPHET, REJECTED IN OWN COUNTRY

    

In Matthew’s account, the rejected Jesus at Nazareth, refers to himself as a prophet. More than a prophet Jesus is the Word Incarnate - the Truth in person. According to the OT, a prophet is a religious visionary and truth-teller, someone who feels with God and speaks out that felt experience. They speak truth to power. As he/she stubbornly sees the world through the lens of God’s word and speaks the truth, it implies opposition, confrontation, and critique. Prophets often spoke a ‘message from God’ while reading the signs of the times, spoke of God’s revealed truth into that particular situation, as a warning of what was to come if one did not follow the way. They simply and fearlessly pointed out the obvious (John the Baptist spoke bluntly against Herod the Tetrarch living with his brother’s wife). 

 Today’s prophets do not  condemn a person, instead, presents God’s word to evoke and provoke in order to enlighten others, and help to come face-to-face with the living God. We all need to heed to the “prophets'' of our days and participate in the prophetic ministry of Christ by incarnating God’s word within a particular situation; allow them to inform our way of thinking, acting, and speaking. Their ‘insights’ are the lens by which we read the signs of the times. John’s outspoken truth cost him his head. The nonsensical pride and vanity of the day can make people spineless. Persons become unable to resist the lure of the world. Sin strives.  Conscience and truth are compromised. Prophets, in such situation, become a light in the darkness. They give witness to us. We all are called to follow in the same prophetic path, remaining firm in the truth. Can we be counted among the prophets of our days? 

 The Present Day Prophets

It is time to listen to the prophets of today. Swami Agnivesh and Stan Swamy have been led to their death; so too many, innocent though, are languishing behind bars. Hans Kung died recently, unreconciled with the doctrinal Church. A Prophet raises up the conscience of the people with an existential and contextual significance. Persecuted as God’s servant ((Jn 15:20) Stan Swamy proved his prophetic identity, through a fuller participation in paschal mystery by self-emptying, for the sake of the marginalised and the exploited Adivasis in India (cf. Edwin Rodrigues, editorial, VJTR, 85(August 2021)8, p.4). Stan resisted inequality, and took prophetic stand for justice and human rights. A true prophet infuses valour and courage in persons, to be other prophets in the society. Like Stan, many a prophet, serve as a “grain of wheat that falls to the ground and dies” (Jn 12:24) through their upright life and struggle. Prophets express dissent and raise questions, to right the wrong through a strength of character. While the common people acclaim them, they face criticism and condemnation from the authority, for whom they are a threat. Prophets commit themselves to the cause of the most vulnerable and speak out for them through critical thought and action. They are the ‘salt’ and ‘leaven’ on this earth, to energize and bring new life in the people.

 Many prophets are still existing today through their extraordinary life of dedication to truth and justice. Many are critical of the Church, and yet are loyal to her despite of difficulties. Some are treated harshly by the Church and the society. Yet, they continue asking questions that calls for reflective answers. Many dare making significant contribution to the society and to the Church. Some recognize their prophetic nature manifested through their work and teaching. They serve as the signposts for a journey of radical transformation and change. Many of them prophesy through their writings and critics. In this changing time, their actions and words sum up their prophesying. The prophets seize the moment as ‘hot’, and alert others to opportunity for change, towards new direction. But often enough, the prophet in them is ignored, their words rejected. But in course of time, they are recognized, and the truth they hold to is acknowledged. Jesus had experienced so:  "A prophet is not honoured in his own home town"(Jn 4: 44). "No prophet is ever accepted in his own country" (Lk 4:24).

If we but listen, the words of prophesy continue to echo down the years, convincing people to follow the path that one should tread. Its vision continues creeping in. Their words continue to teach and take form, as people begin to imprint them in their minds and hearts. It disturbs, though, the peace of mind. That is what the prophets do. They dare disturb human silence, ask questions and suggest ways to follow. Like John the Baptist, the voice of the prophet leads to discomfort. Today, they raise issues that many avoid listening. Prophets today raise the problem of climate change and on caring for creation, for the sake of all, for now and for the future. They challenge our style of living, our values and judgments. They persist on saying, “listen before it is too late”. The Old Testament Prophets told a story for their people, in order to reflect, in practical terms, on the perceived will of God for their lives. The voice of John the Baptist, crying in the wilderness, drew attention of the people to Jesus. Prophets earn the title of prophet by their courage, examples and their fearless voice.

 Men and women of such fortitude and courage, point the direction that we must all follow. Some are titled ‘saints, others are passed by, unacknowledged.  Yet, their rippled impact is felt on our lives. If one discerns and observes, their prophecy becomes real. Prophets are persons, set aside, chosen from the people, to tell a story with a radical vision. In Deuteronomy we read, "The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your countrymen, you shall listen to him" (Deut 8.15). All faith traditions have their prophets, who tell a story to inspire and act. The Global Ethic Foundation (1996) of Hans Küng promotes dialogue between the faiths for peace and unity. Prophets give guidance, to which we need to listen and adhere to. But how? Prophetic words are written out there, if we are only ready to read them in our times. (cf. Chris McDonnell, https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/prophecy-in-our-time/14349, 5.9.2021)

The Secular Lay Prophets

There are more lay prophets than the ‘clerical’ ones. The pandemic has precipitated a situation that ushered in many such lay prophets – doctors, nurses, social workers, health centres, etc., often without reputation.  They are known for taking decisive action to deal with the immediate solution to problems presently felt through a "leap of faith". These lay prophets rise above the reality of religious practices and rituals, in order to serve the society with responsibilities. During the past pandemic seasons since its start, many of them have not taken any vacation. Many stayed away from families for months just to serve the sick. Today’s lay prophets have started serving the Church and its clergy as official representatives in socio-secular fields and in the governance of the Church.  They serve as close collaborators with the Church authority, in a move that is “audacious, even prophetic”, entailing risks though. For them it is further more prophetic in being careful not to become an authoritarian "clericalized layperson". Instead, they try to promote complementarity between the different states of life while keeping in tune with the society and the representative of the "people of God". In fact, thy are ‘models’ to follow, in order to build a new reality. It is a lay culture of participation, which demands for progressive ecclesial changes by being discreetly outspoken. All the baptized are called to participate more fully (prophetically) in the life of the Church, motivated by more pragmatic considerations. It is more than doing a job as priests or laity. Now is the time and a chance to better appropriate a prophetic process in the life of the Church. (Cf. Mélinée Le Priol, Leap of faith leadership, https://international.la-croix.com/news/religion/diocese-in-switzerland-becomes-a-laboratory-for-lay-leadership/14724, 30.7.2021).

Prophets dream dreams.  They are essential for the world's evolution (Cf. Brendan MacCarthaigh, https://international.la-croix.com/news/ religion /dream-and-take-a-first-step/14832, 5.9.2021). They think and talk more seriously about dreams beyond mere expectations. These lay prophets anticipate the Kingdom of God while suffering ridicule and head-on opposition. Following certain ideals in life, they buy into a new interpretation of life, and dare promote it, in the midst of opposition. Such prophetic dreams are dangerous.  These dreamer-prophets come to us as unpleasant, yet history will speak of them in future.

 


Beyond the Couch: Why Psychology Must Serve, Not Sovereign, in Seminary Formation

  A critical response to “Not Every Priest Should Be Allowed Near a Seminary Formation Team” Introduction The article (certainly with AI a...